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中國共產(chǎn)黨二十屆三中全會對進一步全面深化改革做出系統(tǒng)部署，共提出了十四個方面的改革任務(wù)。同濟大學(xué)經(jīng)濟與管理學(xué)院副院長、經(jīng)濟與金融系教授鐘寧樺和博士生錢一蕾在上海文廣國際傳播中心（SMG International）ShanghaiEye發(fā)表文章China sets 2029 deadline to complete reforms in 14 sectors, showing strong will，圍繞如何啟動中國新一輪經(jīng)濟體制改革對會議精神做出深度解讀，并強調(diào)會議設(shè)定任務(wù)完成的截止日期為2029年，充分顯示出強烈的執(zhí)行意愿和執(zhí)行力。以下是刊發(fā)原文。

The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee Has Launched a New Round of Economic System Reform in China

The third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) has made systematic arrangements to further deepen comprehensive reforms, proposing reform tasks in 14 aspects. These reforms are not just about policy adjustments; they aim to transform the economic system and key institutions, emphasizing the direction of "regarding economic structural reform as the spearhead." It is particularly noteworthy that the meeting set a "deadline" for the completion of tasks, with all reform tasks expected to be completed by 2029, demonstrating a strong will and execution capability."Building a high-level socialist market economy system" is the first among this set of reform tasks. "It is imperative to better leverage the role of market mechanisms to create a more equitable and dynamic market environment, achieving the optimization of resource allocation efficiency and the maximization of benefits." Here, the dual objectives of the socialist market mechanism are highlighted: not only to enhance the efficiency of resource allocation but also to consider broader benefits. Both the vitality of the market and fairness must be ensured. Over the past few decades, major countries around the world have generally faced the challenge of widening income gaps and intensifying social inequality. The dual objectives set in the first reform task underscore that the starting point and the ultimate objectives of the reform are "greater social fairness and justice and improvements in the people's wellbeing."Enterprises are the mainstay of the market economy. In every significant meeting, the articulation of the relationship between the public and non-public sectors of the economy has always been a focal point of concern for both domestic and international circles. This plenary session once again reaffirmed the "two unswervings," which means unswervingly consolidating and developing the public ownership economy, and unswervingly encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of the non-public ownership economy. Specifically, it is stated that "economic entities under all forms of ownership have equal access to factors of production in accordance with the law, compete in the market on an equal footing, and are protected by the law as equals." This implies that non-public economic entities, including private enterprises, will compete on an equal footing with public ownership enterprises in terms of financing, credit enhancement, and the use of factors of production such as scientific research infrastructure, based on the law. The aim is to support and guide various enterprises to improve the efficiency of resource utilization and to accelerate the construction of more world-class enterprises."Perfecting the system and mechanism for promoting high-quality economic development" is the second aspect of this set of reforms, with the key being to "improve the institutions and mechanisms for fostering new quality productive forces in line with local conditions," focusing on the development of productive forces characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality. Adapting to local conditions means that each region should leverage its comparative advantages, resource conditions, and industrial foundations to selectively promote the development of new industries, new models, and new drivers of growth. It is also necessary to encourage and regulate the development of angel investment, venture capital, and private equity investment to guide the healthy and orderly development of emerging industries through market-oriented means. As the vanguard of China's reform and opening up, a hub for talent, and a center for the convergence of financial and other resources, Shanghai is accelerating the construction of a center for technological innovation. Artificial intelligence is a strategic industry that Shanghai is focusing on promoting. With the recent World Artificial Intelligence Conference held at the beginning of the month as a benchmark, Shanghai is gathering top global talent and resources, building an industrial ecosystem, developing a rich array of application scenarios, and forming an artificial intelligence innovation hub with international competitiveness.

Author：Ninghua Zhong, Yilei Qian

譯 文

中國共產(chǎn)黨二十屆三中全會對進一步全面深化改革做出系統(tǒng)部署，共提出了十四個方面的改革任務(wù)。這些改革不僅僅是調(diào)整政策，而是要改革經(jīng)濟體制和重要的制度，強調(diào)“以經(jīng)濟體制改革為牽引”的導(dǎo)向。尤其值得注意的是，會議設(shè)定了任務(wù)完成的“截止日期”，到2029年這些改革任務(wù)都要完成，顯示出強烈的執(zhí)行意愿和執(zhí)行力。

“構(gòu)建高水平社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制”是這一組改革任務(wù)中的第一條?！氨仨毟冒l(fā)揮市場機制作用，創(chuàng)造更加公平、更有活力的市場環(huán)境，實現(xiàn)資源配置效率最優(yōu)化和效益最大化”。這里突出了社會主義市場機制的雙重目標(biāo)，既要實現(xiàn)資源配置的效率也要兼顧更廣義的效益，既要使市場有活力、也要保證公平。過去幾十年中，全球主要國家普遍面臨收入差距擴大、社會不平等加劇的難題。第一條改革任務(wù)中確定的雙重目標(biāo)，突顯了改革的出發(fā)點和落腳點是“促進社會公平正義、增進人民福祉”。

企業(yè)是市場經(jīng)濟的主體，在歷次重要會議中，對于公有和非公有制經(jīng)濟關(guān)系的表述，一直是國內(nèi)外各界關(guān)注的焦點。本屆全會再度重申“兩個毫不動搖”，即毫不動搖鞏固和發(fā)展公有制經(jīng)濟，毫不動搖鼓勵、支持、引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。具體而言，“保證各種所有制經(jīng)濟依法平等使用生產(chǎn)要素、公平參與市場競爭、同等受到法律保護”。這意味著，包括民營企業(yè)的非公有制經(jīng)濟主體，在融資、增信、使用科研基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施等重要的生產(chǎn)要素時，將依據(jù)法律與公有制企業(yè)同等競爭。目的是要支持和引導(dǎo)各類企業(yè)提高資源要素利用效率，加快建設(shè)更多世界一流企業(yè)。

“健全推動經(jīng)濟高質(zhì)量發(fā)展體制機制”是這組改革中的第二方面，其中的關(guān)鍵是“健全因地制宜發(fā)展新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力體制機制”，發(fā)展以高技術(shù)、高效能、高質(zhì)量為特征的生產(chǎn)力。因地制宜，意味著各個地方要用好各自的比較優(yōu)勢、資源條件、產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)，有選擇地推動新產(chǎn)業(yè)、新模式、新動能發(fā)展。也要鼓勵和規(guī)范發(fā)展天使投資、風(fēng)險投資、私募股權(quán)投資，以市場化的手段引導(dǎo)新興產(chǎn)業(yè)健康有序發(fā)展。作為中國改革開放的排頭兵、人才的集聚地、金融等資源匯聚中心，上海正加快推進科技創(chuàng)新中心的建設(shè)。人工智能是上海著力推動的戰(zhàn)略性產(chǎn)業(yè)，以月初剛剛召開的世界人工智能大會為名牌，集聚全球頂尖人才和資源、構(gòu)建產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài)、開發(fā)豐富的應(yīng)用場景，形成具有國際競爭力的人工智能創(chuàng)新高地。

教授簡介

Professor Profile

鐘寧樺

TONGJI_SEM

同濟大學(xué)經(jīng)濟與管理學(xué)院副院長、經(jīng)濟與金融系主任，同濟大學(xué)校務(wù)委員會委員，國家級高層次人才。兼任上海市監(jiān)委特約監(jiān)察員、上海市政協(xié)協(xié)商議政專家等，曾兼任世界銀行短期顧問、亞洲開發(fā)銀行項目首席專家。獲孫冶方經(jīng)濟科學(xué)獎、教育部高?？蒲袃?yōu)秀成果獎二等獎（兩次）、上海市哲社優(yōu)秀成果獎一等獎（兩次）、上海市青年五四獎?wù)碌戎匾勴?。主持國家社科基金重大項目、國家自科基金面上項目等?/span>

研究領(lǐng)域：以我國經(jīng)濟改革中出現(xiàn)的宏觀重大問題為出發(fā)點，通過分析大量微觀企業(yè)、銀行、家庭數(shù)據(jù)，股票債券等金融高頻數(shù)據(jù)，以及縣級、地級、省級政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)，來剖析我國各類宏觀經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)失衡的深層次原因。